Vocal Microphones for PA & Live Sound

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1. What is a Vocal Microphone?
2. What Types of Vocal Microphones Are There?
3. What Polar Patterns Do Vocal Microphones Have?

What is a Vocal Microphone?

A vocal microphone is a specialized microphone designed to capture the human voice. When someone sings, the microphone converts sound waves into electrical signals, which can then be amplified and played through speakers or recorded. Vocal microphones come in various shapes and sizes and are designed to pick up vocals clearly while reducing background noise. Some are handheld, while others are mounted on stands or clipped onto clothing. They are essential for live performances and studio recordings to ensure that vocals are crisp and well-balanced.

What Types of Vocal Microphones Are There?

There are two primary types of vocal microphones: dynamic microphones and condenser microphones.

Dynamic microphones are durable and ideal for live performances as they provide a strong, clear sound even in noisy environments. They are easy to use and do not require an external power source.

Condenser microphones are more sensitive and capture greater vocal detail, making them popular for studio recordings. They require an external power source, often called "phantom power," to operate.

Beyond these main categories, there are also specialized microphones such as lavalier microphones, which are small and attach to clothing, and headset microphones, which are worn on the head, allowing singers to move freely. Each type has its advantages and is chosen based on the specific needs of the singer or performance setting.

What Polar Patterns Do Vocal Microphones Have?

The polar pattern of a vocal microphone determines how it captures sound from different directions. The main types are:

• Cardioid: Picks up sound mainly from the front, reducing noise from the sides and back. Ideal for live performances as it minimizes feedback and ambient noise.
• Supercardioid: Similar to cardioid but with a tighter front pickup and some sensitivity at the back. Suitable for loud stage environments.
• Figure-8 (Bidirectional): Captures sound equally from the front and back but rejects sound from the sides. Useful for recording two vocalists with one microphone.
• Omnidirectional: Captures sound evenly from all directions. Ideal for controlled studio environments where natural room acoustics are desired.

The choice of polar pattern depends on the recording environment and desired sound quality. Cardioid microphones are the most popular for vocal performances due to their versatility and feedback resistance.