Dynamic microphones are the most common type and suitable for nearly every application. Classics include the Shure SM58 for live vocals, the SM57 for amps and snare, and the RE520 for speech or kick drum. Each model has its own tonal character – testing is highly recommended.
Dynamic mics require no phantom power, handle high sound pressure levels, and are resistant to feedback and wind noise. On stage, they capture primarily what is directly in front of the capsule.
Large diaphragm condenser microphones are the preferred choice for vocals and speech thanks to their high sensitivity and detail resolution. Many models feature switchable polar patterns: cardioid (front), omnidirectional (all-around), or figure-8 (front/back). They typically require 48 V phantom power.
These compact versions of large diaphragm mics are used for bright, detailed and complex signals such as overheads, acoustic guitars, strings or as room microphones. They require 48 V phantom power and deliver exceptional transient accuracy.
Popular choices include the Rode NT5 Single, several AKG models, or the refined Neumann KM 184 small diaphragm condenser microphone.
Overheads: Used as stereo pairs for stable imaging and detailed cymbal capture.
Acoustic Guitar & Strings: Crisp transients and airy top-end without harshness when positioned correctly.
Room Mics: Capture natural ambience at a distance – perfect for blending in the mix.
A USB condenser microphone is ideal for podcasts, streaming and voice recordings without an external audio interface. These plug-and-play devices need no drivers, as the converter is built in. Many models include onboard processing such as compression or de-essing. No phantom power is required – power is supplied via USB.
Tube microphones use an internal tube-based preamp and come with an external power supply. Their sound is often smooth and rich, with silky highs and a warm low end. Though more expensive, they excel in professional vocal and acoustic recordings where sonic depth and detail matter.
Ribbon microphones deliver a warm, vintage-inspired tone and are ideal for taming harsh high frequencies or achieving a classic studio character. A well-known model is the Royer R-121. Affordable alternatives are now available, offering similar sonic traits. Due to their low output level, a high-gain preamp is recommended. Most ribbons feature a figure-8 polar pattern and must never be powered by phantom voltage to avoid damage.
Boundary microphones capture direct reflections from flat surfaces. They are often used on theatre stages, conference tables or inside kick drums to achieve a tight, powerful sound.