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Storage Media and Tapes

Essential facts about recording & storage media

Whether analogue or digital, your valuable data must be stored safely. That means regular backups. While this is just a few clicks with USB drives and hard disks, doing the same on tape is more time-consuming and costly.

Plan your data capacity

1. Audio

With modern USB sticks and memory cards, capacity is rarely the bottleneck for audio. Larger projects are typically saved across multiple media (sticks/drives) for backup and easy hand-off between workstations. As a rule of thumb for WAV/AIFF, plan on ~10 MB per minute (44.1 kHz/16-bit/stereo).

2. Visual media

Video and photo projects demand far more capacity. If you work in high resolution, use real-world references to size your media so the project doesn’t outgrow the drive. RAW photos are roughly four times larger than JPEG (example: 20 MB/image ⇒ ~800 photos on 16 GB). High-res, multi-camera videos often need multiple terabytes (large SSD/HDD). Faster media and CPUs have significantly shortened render and transfer times.

Product image: Sandisk Ultra USB 3.0 64GB flash drive
A USB 3.0-capable stick is significantly faster than a USB 2.0 device.

USB flash drives

Beyond capacity, throughput matters. USB 2.0 offers up to 480 Mbit/s (≈ 60 MB/s theoretical), while USB 3.0/3.2 Gen 1 reaches 5 Gbit/s (≈ 625 MB/s theoretical). In practice, write speeds vary by stick/controller. USB 3.x is backward compatible; at USB 2.0 ports the device runs at USB 2.0 speeds.

Memory cards

Differentiate between SD and microSD. SDHC covers up to 32 GB; above that it’s SDXC — common for video/burst photography. When buying, check read/write ratings and device compatibility.

Tape stock

Tape follows different rules: every recorded minute costs money and capacity is precious — in return you get the warm analogue sound many engineers love. It’s no surprise many plug-ins offer tape emulation. If you work with real tape, consider not only tape length but additional parameters:

Product image: RTM SM900 1/2 762m analogue tape
This ½″ tape with NAB reel offers, among other things, a wide dynamic range.

Width and reel types

Tape width is measured in inches. ¼″ tape is common for hi-fi/semi-pro use; professional studios employ up to 2″ depending on track count (24 tracks are typical). Sound quality depends on coating and tape width. In studios the NAB hub is standard, while many ¼″ hi-fi decks use a cine/trident hub.

Product image: RTM C60 compact cassette
Back again: the compact cassette — here with professional ferric oxide tape and 60 minutes playtime.

Compact cassettes

While cassettes are niche in hi-fi markets, small production runs still serve a dedicated community. With a well-maintained deck and quality tapes you can capture authentic analogue recordings — the distinct cassette character remains popular.

FAQ: Storage for audio, photo & video

How much storage should I plan for audio recordings?

For audio, capacity is rarely critical with today’s media.

  • Rule of thumb: WAV/AIFF (44.1 kHz/16-bit/stereo) ≈ ~10 MB/min; higher resolutions need more.
  • Practice: Use multiple media in parallel for backup and hand-off.
How much capacity do I need for video or photo projects?
  • Photos: RAW ≈ 4× JPEG (e.g., 20 MB/image ⇒ ~800 photos on 16 GB).
  • Video: High-res/multicam projects often require several TB (fast cards, external SSD/HDD).

Modern media/CPUs have improved workflow speed considerably.

Why does USB stick speed matter?

Throughput determines transfer/backup/export times.

  • USB 2.0: up to 480 Mbit/s (≈ 60 MB/s theoretical)
  • USB 3.0/3.2 Gen 1: up to 5 Gbit/s (≈ 625 MB/s theoretical)

Real-world writes vary by device; USB 3.x is backward compatible.

What should I look for when buying memory cards?
  • Card type: SDHC up to 32 GB; SDXC > 32 GB (common for video/burst).
  • Compatibility: Ensure your device supports the card type.
  • Speed: Sufficient write speed to avoid dropouts (video/multitrack audio).
Why do studios still use tape?

For the warm, organic sound analogue tape imparts.

  • Widths: ¼″ (hi-fi) up to 2″ (studio), up to 24 tracks.
  • Reels: NAB hubs (studio) vs cine/trident (many ¼″ decks).
Are compact cassettes still used?

Yes — a small but active scene still records on cassettes. With a well-serviced deck and quality tape you get genuinely analogue results.

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